Poland

Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska], officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska[c] [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska], is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate.[8] With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin.
Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to AD 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1,000,000 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi)) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens, including 90% of the country's Jews, perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland has a developed market and is a regional power in Central Europe, with the largest Stock Exchange in the East-Central European zone. It has the sixth largest economy by GDP (PPP) in the European Union and one of the most dynamic economies in the world, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education, and economic freedom. The country has a developed school educational system, and also provides free university education, state-funded social security, and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 16 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 15 of which are cultural. Poland is a member state of the European Union, the Schengen Area, the United Nations, NATO, the OECD, the Three Seas Initiative, and the Visegrád Group.

Climate

The climate is mostly temperate throughout the country. The climate is oceanic in the north and west and becomes gradually warmer and continental towards the south and east. Summers are generally warm, with average temperatures between 18 and 30 °C (64.4 and 86.0 °F) depending on the region. Winters are rather cold, with average temperatures around 3 °C (37.4 °F) in the northwest and −6 °C (21 °F) in the northeast. Precipitation falls throughout the year, although, especially in the east, winter is drier than summer.
The warmest region in Poland is Lower Silesia in the southwest of the country, where temperatures in the summer average between 24 and 32 °C (75 and 90 °F) but can go as high as 34 to 39 °C (93.2 to 102.2 °F) on some days in the warmest months of July and August. The warmest cities in Poland are Tarnów in Lesser Poland, and Wrocław in Lower Silesia. The average temperatures in Wrocław are 20 °C (68 °F) in the summer and 0 °C (32.0 °F) in the winter, but Tarnów has the longest summer in all of Poland, which lasts for 115 days, from mid-May to mid-September. The coldest region of Poland is in the northeast in the Podlaskie Voivodeship near the borders with Belarus and Lithuania. Usually the coldest city is Suwałki. The climate is affected by cold fronts which come from Scandinavia and Siberia. The average temperature in the winter in Podlaskie ranges from −6 to −4 °C (21 to 25 °F). The biggest impact of the oceanic climate is observed in Świnoujście and Baltic Sea seashore area from Police to Słupsk.

Administrative divisions
Poland's current voivodeships (provinces) are largely based on the country's historic regions, whereas those of the past two decades (to 1998) had been centred on and named for individual cities. The new units range in area from less than 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi) for Opole Voivodeship to more than 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) for Masovian Voivodeship. Administrative authority at voivodeship level is shared between a government-appointed voivode (governor), an elected regional assembly (sejmik) and a voivodeship marshal, an executive elected by that assembly.
The voivodeships are subdivided into powiats (often referred to in English as counties), and these are further divided into gminas (also known as communes or municipalities). Major cities normally have the status of both gmina and powiat. Poland has 16 voivodeships, 380 powiats (including 66 cities with powiat status), and 2,478 gminas.

Tourism

Poland experienced an increase in the number of tourists after joining the European Union in 2004. [failed verification] Tourism contributes significantly to the overall economy and makes up a relatively large proportion of the country's service market.
Tourist attractions in Poland vary, from the mountains in the south to the sandy beaches in the north, with a trail of nearly every architectural style. The most visited city is Kraków, which was the former capital of Poland and serves as a relic of Polish Golden Age of Renaissance. Kraków also held royal coronations of most Polish kings. Among other notable sites in the country is Wrocław, one of the oldest cities in Poland. Wrocław possesses a huge market square with two city halls, as well as the oldest Zoological Gardens with one of the world's largest number of animal species and is famous for its dwarfs. The Polish capital Warsaw and its historical Old Town were entirely reconstructed after wartime destruction. Other cities attracting tourists include Gdańsk, Poznań, Szczecin, Lublin, Toruń and the historic site of the German Auschwitz concentration camp in Oświęcim.
Aquarium in the Zoological Garden in Wrocław
Poland's main tourist offerings include outdoor activities such as skiing, sailing, mountain hiking and climbing, as well as agrotourism, sightseeing historical monuments. Tourist destinations include the Baltic Sea coast in the north; the Masurian Lake District and Białowieża Forest in the east; on the south Karkonosze, the Table Mountains and the Tatra Mountains, where Rysy, the highest peak of Poland, and the famous Orla Perć mountain trail are located. The Pieniny and Bieszczady Mountains lie in the extreme south-east. There are over 100 castles in the country, many in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship and along the popular Trail of the Eagles' Nests.

Languages

Polish (język polski, polszczyzna) is a Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and the native language of Poles. It belongs to the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages. Polish is the official language of Poland, but it is also used throughout the world by Polish minorities in other countries. It is one of the official languages of the European Union. Its written standard is the Polish alphabet, which has 9 additions to the letters of the basic Latin script (ą, ć, ę, ł, ń, ó, ś, ź, ż), with the notable exclusion of q,v, and x, which are used mainly for foreign words. The deaf communities use Polish Sign Language belonging to the German family of Sign Languages.
Until recent decades Russian was commonly learned as a second language, but after the Revolutions of 1989 has been replaced by English as the most common second language studied and spoken. In 2015, more than 50% of Poles declared to speak English – Russian came second and German came third, other commonly spoken foreign languages include French, Italian and Spanish.
According to the Act of 6 January 2005 on national and ethnic minorities and on the regional languages, 16 other languages have officially recognized status of minority languages: 1 regional language (Kashubian – spoken by around 366,000 people,[196][197][198] but only 108,000 declared its everyday use in the census of 2011), 10 languages of 9 national minorities (minority groups that have their own independent state elsewhere) and 5 languages of 4 ethnic minorities (spoken by the members of minorities not having a separate state elsewhere). Jewish and Romani minorities each have 2 minority languages recognized.
Languages having the status of national minority's language are Armenian, Belarusian, Czech, German, Yiddish, Hebrew, Lithuanian, Russian, Slovak and Ukrainian. Languages having the status of ethnic minority's language are Karaim, Rusyn (called Lemko in Poland) and Tatar. Also, official recognition is granted to two Romani languages: Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma.
Official recognition of a language provides certain rights (under conditions prescribed by the law): of education in that language, of having the language established as the secondary administrative language or help language in bilingual municipalities and of financial support from the state for the promotion of that language.

Education

Density of collegiate-level institutions of higher education
The Commission of National Education (Komisja Edukacji Narodowej) established in 1773, was the world's first state ministry of education. The education of Polish society was a goal of the nation's rulers as early as the 12th century. The library catalogue of the Cathedral Chapter of Kraków dating back to 1110 shows that in the early 12th century Polish academia had access to European and Classical literature. The Jagiellonian University was founded in 1364 by King Casimir III in Kraków—the school is the world's 19th oldest university.
As of 2012, Programme for International Student Assessment, coordinated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ranks Poland's educational system higher than the OECD average.
Education in Poland starts at the age of five or six (with the particular age chosen by the parents) for the '0' class (Kindergarten) and six or seven years in the 1st class of primary school (Polish szkoła podstawowa). It is compulsory that children participate in one year of formal education before entering the 1st class at no later than 7 years of age. Corporal punishment of children in schools is officially prohibited since 1783 (before the partitions) and criminalised since 2010 (in schools as well as at home).
At the end of the 6th class when students are 13, students take a compulsory exam that will determine their acceptance and transition into a specific lower secondary school (gimnazjum—middle school or junior high). They will attend this school for three years during classes 7, 8, and 9. Students then take another compulsory exam to determine the upper secondary level school they will attend. There are several alternatives, the most common being the three years in a liceum or four years in a technikum. Both end with a maturity examination (matura—similar to French baccalauréat), and may be followed by several forms of higher education, leading to licencjat or inżynier (the Polish Bologna Process first cycle qualification), magister (second cycle qualification) and eventually doktor (third cycle qualification).
In Poland, there are 500 university-level institutions for the pursuit of higher education. There are 18 fully accredited traditional universities, 20 technical universities, 9 independent medical universities, 5 universities for the study of economics, 9 agricultural academies, 3 pedagogical universities, a theological academy, 3 maritime service universities and 4 national military academies. Also, there are a number of higher educational institutions dedicated to the teaching of the arts—amongst these are the 7 academies of music.

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Accommodation of Students in Canada

International students in Canada can accommodate in dormitories special for accommodation or they can benefit the program where Canadian families take care of one or two other children beside their own children. In this programs you need to pay certain amounts to the family with whim your child lives. This program is called homestay and means living with native family in a foreign country. That is, instead of going to a hostel or dormitory or renting a room or personal house, the child accommodates in house of a native family and live with them during her/his studies.

Accompanying Parents’ Visa (Minor)

Parents can accompany children (due to chance of gaining accompanying visa, it is strongly recommended that only one of the parents accompany the child) during their study in Canadian schools by getting 5 year visitor multiple visa. Parents are not allowed to study in Canadian college or university programs longer than 6 month or work with this visa. Parents can benefit this opportunity to promote their chance to get permanent residence Canada for themselves and their family. The most common way for parents is to learn English/French during this time and then gain admission to a college or university as a student.

Austria Living costs

Although Austria is one of the richest countries in the world, living costs are much higher than other European countries. Particularly, tuition fees of Austrian universities are very higher than most of the other European universities.

You can estimate monthly living costs (in Euro) using the following list. These values are only provided as a guide and cannot be considered as indicators. Cost of university dormitory is considered as the base rate of accommodation costs.

Accommodation Cost

Accommodation cost depends on the city you are going to study. For example, in Vienna it is higher than small cities. Student dormitory cost in Vienna is about €400 and higher and in small cities it is bellow €400.

Cost: €400

Costs of food

Fortunately, Austria has many discount supermarkets supplying food in lower prices. In most of the universities, you can receive good food in a fair price from cafeterias (Mensa). However, the cheapest way to eat food is cooking food by yourself. Average price of some foodstuffs are: a cup of coffee or tea in a café, €3; a sandwich in a bakery, €3.50; a dinner in a student restaurant, €10; 1 liter milk, €1.10-1.20; …

Cost: €200-250

Student Insurance

 Austria has a best insurance system in the world. If you have a health insurance in Austria, you can receive free health services such as doctor visit, surgeries, (except for esthetic surgeries), tooth filling, blood test, sonography …. You have only to pay a little to drugstore for your medicines.

Cost: €60

Transportation

Austria has a best transportation system in the world. You can access everywhere in Vienna by public transportation. Transportation cost is categorized into two category:

1. Annual card: you can use this card limitless for public transportation for one year.

Cost: €396 (this cost is divided into monthly instalments) - €33 in a mounth

2. Student transportation card: this card is called SEMESTERKART and is given to students under 26.

Cost: €75 for each semester

Other costs

A movie ticket costs about €9 and a museum ticket is about €8. However, you can get discounts in most of the museums, movies, theatres and other cultural centers against your student card. Buying a non-textbook to study costs €8 or more and textbooks are normally more than €70. You can get textbooks from library of your university. For example cost of barber is about €10-15.

Monthly Cost: €50 (without university textbooks)

University Tuition Fee

Cost: €740 for each semester

German Language Class

For the students who gaine admission without German knowledge or, in other words, are required to attend language courses up to C1.

Cost: €1200 for 5 months

Total cost of a student life in Austria is estimated €950 considering all of the above items.

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Student Visa Canada

Any person from other countries including Iran can apply for student visa Canada to attend longer than 6 months programs after receiving acceptance letter and CAQ letter (if wants to study in Québec). Acceptance letter to post-diploma programs must be received from institutes approved by Immigration Refugee Citizenship Canada. These institutes are recognized as “Designated learning institutions” on website of Immigration Refugee Citizenship Canada and each have its own DLI code which must be inserted in application for visa. Click hereto see the list. 

You can apply for a student visa by admission to a Canadian school. All Canadian schools are designated and approved by Immigration Refugee Citizenship Canada. All applicants under 18 years of age (minors) applying for study in Canada must be under care of an adult guardian in Canada. This person will be custodian of the student in Canada.

Custodian

All students under 18 years of age (minors) applying for study in Canada must be under care of an adult guardian. This person will be custodian of the student in Canada. Parents and custodian of a child in Canada need to fill the related form and submit it to Department of Education of the school’s region when applying for admission to the school and submit that form to Immigration Refugee Citizenship Canada when applying for a student visa. In most cases, if the student is under 10 years of age, one of her/his biologic parents should be with her/him during the study. If a family member or a friend has citizenship of Canada or permanent residence Canada, she/he can undertake this responsibility. However. If you don’t have a family or friend in Canada to undertake this responsibility, you can contact us to find a proper custodian for your child.

Responsibilities of Custodian in the Case of Absence of Parents

•  Presence at school in enrolment
• Attend periodical school meetings
• Presence at school in probable emergency cases, students’ illness, or accident

Assessment Deadline of a Student Visa Canada Case

Average duration for assessment of applicants’ cases is variable and depends on the country where they live at the time of application, the number of cases under assessment, political position of the country and other different factors. Generally, it takes about 10 to 16 weeks to assess cases of Iranian applicants for student visa. You can find average time required to assess your case here based on the country you live in, answering three questions. If applicant’s case is assessed positively, the applicant or her/his deputy need to submit her/his passport to official representative of embassy of Canada (if you are living in Iran, this service will be provided by the embassy in Ankara, Turkey) to receive your visa sealed on your passport.

Applicant for student visa can travel to Canada without any limitation up to the expiration date of visa which is normally a few months after graduation (if the passport expires before your graduation date, the date will be up to expiration date of your passport).

Study Permit Canada

Receiving a study visa, any applicant need to get Study Permit entering Canada to change her/his “Status”. This permit includes accommodation details of applicant including starting date of her/his activity to the final date and allows the applicant to study and live in Canada. You need this permit for most of your social activities in Canada.

Study permit is issued by airport officer at the airport entering Canada. Issuance of this permit may take a few seconds to several hours (depending on your position and crowd at the airport). Officer will ask you some simple questions about study in Canada and check your documents to issue the study permit.

Documents Required while Entering Canada

Documents required to receive a study permit include:

1. Passport
2. Acceptance letter of school, college or university
3. Letter of Introduction or POE
4. Certificate of financial ability such as bank accounts or scholarship letter (fund) from a school, college or university and receipt of tuition fee payment (if you don’t have a scholarship).
5. CAQ (only for students who want to study for more than 6 months in Québec).
6. Custodian or guardianship forms (only for students under 18 years of age who need a custodian in Canada)

Costs of Getting Study Visa Canada

A bank account to get study visa Canada:

When applying for a study visa, the applicant need to demonstrate officer her/his financial ability to cover tuition fees and living costs for the first year of education. This amount can be indicated totally in the letter of scholarship or in the applicant’s or custodian’s or a sponsor’s bank account.   

• If the main applicant applies alone:
• Your first year tuition fees plus $10000 (for study outside of Québec)
• Your first year tuition fees plus $ 11000 (for study inside Québec)
• If another person accompanies the applicant:
• Your first year tuition fees plus $14000 (for study out of Québec)
• Your first year tuition fees plus $ 16000 (for study inside Québec with an accompany above 18) or plus $ 15000 (for study inside Quebec with an accompany under 18)
• If other person (or persons) accompany the main applicant:
• If you are going to study out of Quebec: + $3000 (for adding each person to the case)
• If you are going to study inside Quebec: + $5000 (for adding each person above 18 to the case) + $2000 (for adding each person under 18 to the case)

An example:

• If you are going to study out of Quebec:

Tuition fees + $10000 (for main applicant)

+ $4000 (for adding the first person to the case)

+ $3000 (for adding the second person to the case)

Total: tuition fees + $17000

• If you are going to study inside Quebec:

Tuition fees + $11000 (for the main applicant)

+ $5000 (for adding the first person above 18 to the case)

+ $5000 (for adding the second person above 19 to the case)

Total: tuition fees + $21000

Note: note that this the least amount for financial ability stated by Immigration Refugee Citizenship Canada and maximum value is not defined. So, it is recommended for applicants to demonstrate stronger financial ability as much as possible. It is very important to know how and what kind of account you need to submit to the embassy of Canada as prove of your financial ability and which details to include in your latter of financial ability. You are recommended to consult with Ramoon’s experts in this regard.

Note: you need to pay some fees online against evaluation of your case and fingerprint when you deliver your case to Immigration Refugee Citizenship Canada. These fees are irreversible.

Reject of Study Visa Canada

If your application for study is not accepted, a reject letter will be issued for you where the reason(s) of reject is stated and noted.

Generally, reasons of rejecting study visa are:

• Lack of enough financial resources
• The officer is not convinced and justified about applicant’s objective of studying in Canada or she/he couldn’t provide enough reasons about going back to her/his country (after graduation)
• A improper educational program

When a case is rejected, the exact reason of rejection is not stated to the applicant. In fact, the stated reasons are simply some general ones which are similar for most of the cases. However, if you want to know the reasons of your reject and resolve them, you need to receive the ATIP Note. You can see the exact reject reasons and a complete description by case officer in ATIP note. Moreover, this note is not merely given for rejected cases, but if you have already received your study or visitor visa and now want to apply for another program, you need to receive this not in order to prevent any inconsistency between new information and the information included in your case. Getting this note takes about 20 to 40 days.

In Ramoon, we offer you services related to getting officer note, a true analysis of reject reasons according to submitted documents, and a detailed description about reject reasons for rejected cases.

If for any reason you had problem in getting study visa, please contact us 

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Study Programs in Austria

Austria has free and public school system and there are 10 years compulsory education in school. Generally, education system of Austria is categorized into four categories:

Pre-school

Elementary School

High-school

University

All students having MATURA (equivalent to high-school diploma and pre-university degree of Iran) can enter a university. However, terms of entering the university is different for international students which is described in following sections. Applicants for medicine and music need to attend and pass related tests. Study in Austrian universities costs €700 each semester. Austria has 23 public universities and 11 private universities with many vocational colleges called Fachhochschule.

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